du - estimate file space usage
SYNOPSIS
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
DESCRIPTION
Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-0, --null
end each output line with NUL, not newline
-a, --all
write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size
print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the apparent size is usually
smaller, it may be larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE
scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576
bytes; see SIZE format below
-b, --bytes
equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total
produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args
dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line
-d, --max-depth=N
print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize
--files0-from=F
summarize device usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; if F is -,
then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable
print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--inodes
list inode usage information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-L, --dereference
dereference all symbolic links
-l, --count-links
count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-P, --no-dereference
don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-S, --separate-dirs
for directories do not include size of subdirectories
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-s, --summarize
display only a total for each argument
-t, --threshold=SIZE
exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD
show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE
show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
-X, --exclude-from=FILE
exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN
exclude files that match PATTERN
-x, --one-file-system
skip directories on different file systems
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
PATTERNS
PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression). The pattern ? matches any one character,
whereas * matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters). For example, *.o
will match any files whose names end in .o. Therefore, the command
du --exclude='*.o'
will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).
AUTHOR
Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim Meyering.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: [https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/] Report any translation bugs to [https://translationproject.org/team/]
SEE ALSO
Full documentation [https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/du] or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'
Packaged by Debian (9.7-3) Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later [https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html]. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.